Sim Card ...!!! "Simplified"

SIM CARDS

SIM cards have evolved a lot over the years. While they have maintained a relative thickness of just under 1mm, their surface area has steadily decreased, from the credit card-sized plates used in the earliest cell phones to the nanoSIMs of today's devices. Many carriers offer branded SIM cards with cutouts for all three modern sizes, so users can choose which version they want to insert depending on their device. There are also adapters so nanoSIM cards can fit into slots meant for microSIM or Regular SIM cards. A SIM card is a smart card that is used in mobile phones, to identify the client. SIM stands for Subscriber Identity Module. A SIM card has a microchip, and its use is protected by a  PIN. When the phone is powered on, a special number called IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity)  is broadcast. The microchip is also needed for some encryption and decryption. The SIM card, and the device it is use in (the mobile phone) are often referred to as Mobile station.

Types of SIM Card:

There are two types of SIM cards that is GSM and CDMA:

GSM:

GSM technology stands for Global System for Mobiles and its foundation can be credited to Bell Laboratories in 1970.  It basically uses circuit switched system and divides each 200 kHz signal into 8  25 kHz time slots and operates in 900 MHz, 800 MHz and 1.8GHz bands. It uses a narrow band transmission technique- basically Time Division Access Multiplexing. The data transfer rates vary from 64kbps to 120kbps.

CDMA:

CDMA means code division multiple access which explains about communication channel principle that employs spread-spectrum technology and a special coding scheme which are time division multiplexing scheme and frequency division multiplexing scheme.

How does a SIM card work?

SIM Card has a small amount of memory and a very low-powered processor, the SIM card not only enables communication between the phone and its carrier, but stores information such as phone numbers, security data and more.

SIM cards are transferrable. If your Phone runs out of power and you desperately need to make a call or connect to the internet, you can just swap the SIM into another Phone and use it

Conclusion

In the end, SIM cards are both a blessing and a curse. They grant freedom to customers to move from phone to phone as long as those phones are compliant with GSM standards, but can prove annoying if the card itself is somehow lost or damaged since they hold so much crucial data.

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ABBREVIATION OF WORD USED REGULARLY

·       I.Q: INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT.

·       A.M: ANTI MERIDIEM.

·       P.M: POST MERIDIEM.

·       E.G: EXEMPLI GRATIA.

·       I.E: ID EST (THAT IS TO SAY).

·       SMS: SHORT MESSAGING SERVICE

·       ETC: ET CETERA (USED TO MENTION THE CONTINUATION OF A SPECIFIC LIST)

·       CAPTCHA - "COMPLETELY AUTOMATED PUBLIC TURING TEST TO TELL COMPUTERS AND HUMANS APART"

·       IMAX - "IMAGE MAXIMUM"

·       ZIP CODE - "ZONE IMPROVEMENT PLAN" CODE

·       CID -  CRIME INVESTIGATION DEPARTMENT

·       FIR - FIRST INFORMATION REPORT

·       FMCG - FAST-MOVING CONSUMER GOODS

·       HTC - HIGH TECH COMPUTER

·       LED - LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

·       OK - OLLA KALLA OR OLL KORRECT

·       YAHOO - YET ANOTHER HIERARCHY OF OFFICIOUS ORACLE / YET ANOTHER HIERARCHICALLY ORGANIZED ORACLE

Highlights of the Union Budget 2015

Finance minister Arun Jaitley presented the first full-year Budget of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government on 28th February 2015 .

EDUCATION

• AIIMS in Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh, Bihar and Assam.

• IIT in Karnataka; Indian Institute of Mines in Dhanbad to be upgraded to IIT.

• PG institute of Horticulture in Armtisar.

• Kerala to have University of Disability Studies.

• Centre of film production, animation and gaming to come up in Arunachal Pradesh.

• IIM for Jammu and Kashmir and Andhra Pradesh.

Fiscal deficit 

•  Fiscal deficit seen at 3.9% of GDP in 2015/16 

•  Will meet the challenging fiscal target of 4.1% of GDP 

•  Remain committed to meeting medium term fiscal deficit target of 3% of GDP 

• Current account deficit below 1.3% of GDP 

Growth 

• GDP growth seen at between 8% and 8.5% 
• Aiming double digit growth rate, achievable soon 

Inflation 

• Expects consumer inflation to remain close to 5% by March, opening room for more monetary policy easing 

• Monetary policy framework agreement with the RBI clearly states objective of keeping inflation below 6%

Policy reforms 

• Propose to create a universal social security system for all Indians 

• Propose to merge commodities regulator with SEBI 

• Allocates 346.99 billion rupees for rural employment guarantee scheme in 2015/16 

• To bring a new bankruptcy code in 2015/16 

• Jaitley says will move to amend the RBI act this year, and provide for a monetary policy committee 

• To set up public debt management agency 

Taxation 

• Expects to implement goods and services tax by April 2016 

• Plans to introduce direct tax regime that is internationally competitive on rates without exemptions

• Abolition of Wealth Tax.

• Additional 2% surcharge for the super rich with income of over Rs. 1 crore

• Rate of corporate tax to be reduced to 25% over next four years

• Total exemption of up to Rs. 4,44,200 can be achieved

• 100% exemption for contribution to Swachch Bharat, apart from CSR

• Service tax increased to 14%

Infrastructure 

• Investment in infrastructure will go up by 700 billion rupees in 2015/16 over last year 

• Plans to set up national investment infrastructure fund 

• Proposes tax-free infrastructure bonds for projects in roads, rail and irrigation projects 

• Proposes 5 ultra mega power projects for 4,000 MW each 

• Second unit of Kudankulam nuclear power station to be commissioned in 2015/16 

• Will need to build additional 100,000 km of road 

• Ports in public sector will be encouraged to corporatise under Companies Act 

DEFENCE

• Rs. 2,46,726 crore for Defence.

• Focus on Make in India for quick manufacturing of Defence equipment.

WELFARE SCHEMES

• 50,000 toilets constructed under Swachh Bharath Abhiyan.

• Housing for all by 2020.

• Upgradation 80,000 secondary schools.

• New scheme for physical aids and assisted living devices for people aged over 80 .

• Govt to use Rs. 9000 crore unclaimed funds in PPF/EPF for Senior Citizens Fund.

• Rs. 5,000 crore additional allocation for MGNREGA

Expenditure 

• If revenue improves, hope to raise budgeted allocations for rural job scheme by 50 billion rupees in 2015/16 

Subsidies 

• We are committed to subsidy rationalisation based on cutting leakages 

Finance minister's comments 

• "The world is predicting it's India's time to fly" 

• "We inherited a sentiment of doom and gloom. The investment community had almost written us off. We have come a long way since then." 

• "We have turned around the economy, dramatically restoring macroeconomic stability and creating the conditions for sustainable poverty elimination, job creation, durable double digit economic growth." 

• "While being mindful of the challenges ... this gives us reason to feel optimistic." 

• "Domestic and international investors are seeing us with renewed interest and hope."

Highlights from Indian Railway Budget 2015-16

Union Railway Minister Suresh Prabhu on 26 February 2015 presented the Railway Budget 2015-16 in the Parliament. Below are the highlights of this Budget:

Railway Fares

• No new hike in passenger fares
• While, the Freight fares have been raised incase of urea by 10%, iron and steel by 0.8%, kerosene and cooking gas by 0.8%, coal by 6.3% and cement by 2.7%.

Railway Finances

• Plan Budget is gone up by 52 percent Rs. 100011 crore for financial year 2015-16 compared to Rs. 65789 crore in FY 2014-15. 
• For next five year envisaged investment for railways is Rs. 8.5 lakh crore.
• Funds for railways will be raised from pension, institutional and multilateral agencies.
• In order to improve passenger amenities, MPs requested to use part of their MPLAD funds. 
• Railways to set up an infrastructure fund and holding company to raise long-term debt.

Passengers Amenities

• 120 days in advance ticket booking facility for passengers instead of earlier 60 days. 
• Railways is aiming to move towards paperless ticketing. 
• Operation 5 minutes- Passengers can buy railway tickets within five minutes. 
• SMS updates to inform passengers about any change in schedule of trains. 
• Open WI-FI facility at 400 railway stations. 
• Mobile charging units will be installed.
• For women safety CCTVs to be installed in selected trains and suburban trains. 
• Food ordering facility food while booking tickets through IRCTC website. 
• Water-vending machines to be set up at stations. 
• 138 will be a nationwide 24×7 helpline number for railway-related queries. While, 182 will be a toll-free number for security-related issues. 
• On-board entertainment in Shatabdi Express.

Infrastructure

• Track capacity will be increased by 10% to 1.38 lakh km. 
• Speed of passenger trains on 9 corridors will increased to 160-200 km/h from 110-130 km/h. 
• Wagon-making scheme will be reviewed in order ease private investment 
• By inviting open bids, station redevelopment policy will be revamped. 
• 10 satellite railway terminals will be developed in major cities in 2015-15. 
• PPP cell of Indian Railways will be revamped. 
• Feasibility report of high-speed train between Mumbai and Ahmedabad expected by mid-2015. 
• Connectivity to North-East India will be improved. In J&K rail connectivity will be on focus.

Tourism

• Railways will promote Gandhi circuit in order to mark centenary year of Mahatma Gandhi’s return from South Africa. 
• Special travel scheme Kisan Yatra for farmers for farming and marketing technique centres. 
• Under Incredible India, Incredible Rail will be launched.